Abstract Summary/Description
The entrainment of biological oscillators is a fundamental problem in studying dynamical systems and synchronization phenomena. The Arnold Onion diagram is an essential tool for visualizing entrainment patterns in a two-dimensional parameter space, defined by period (T ) and photoperiod (χ). In this paper, we investigate the entrainment of various types of oscillators within the Novak-Tyson model. While previous studies have documented the presence of Arnold onions featuring a single 1:1 entrainment region, our work introduces the novel emergence of multiple disconnected 1:1 entrainment regions within these diagrams. Based on dynamical systems analysis, our findings suggest that in an unforced system behaving as a damped oscillator, multiple Arnold onions emerge near the Hopf bifurcation (HB) point, providing insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying circadian seasonality.
