Abstract Summary/Description
Introduction: Cognitive and mood disorders, which are increasingly prevalent due to stress, depression, and anxiety, necessitate effective treatments with minimal side effects. Tryptophan (TRP) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin precursors, are potential therapeutic options. Serotonin deficiency is linked to various cognitive and mood disorders. Previous studies on TRP and 5-HTP supplementation have shown mixed results, suggesting a comprehensive review is needed. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with studies sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 2000 and 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults and children with cognitive or mood disorders were included. The exclusion criteria were studies focused on specific disorders, those involving other mental disorders, or those not in English. The data extracted focused on demographic information, supplement dosage, and outcome measures such as plasma glucose levels, BMI, depression status, and mood. Results Sixteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that TRP and 5-HTP supplementation significantly increased total plasma levels and improved mood and depression scores. However, no significant impact was found on BMI or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. High heterogeneity was observed across studies. Conclusion: TRP and 5-HTP supplementation appear to effectively enhance mood and reduce depression symptoms in individuals with cognitive and mood disorders. However, the benefits of cognitive function are less clear, and further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the variability in responses.
